Sep 26, · Abstract expressionism is an American art movement that emerged after World War II. With the increasing acceptance by critics and the general public, the term, abstract expressionism, has met with increasing opposition from the artists involved. They object to the association of the word “abstract” with the art of pure formal relationships Dec 09, · The Politics and Abstract Expressionism Essay. The emergence of abstract expressionism was marked by the main art stream in the history of modernism. This new tendency appears as a post-war reaction for the spirits and atmosphere of this time and as the necessity to restore a national cultural identity The Impact of Abstract Expressionism Essay. Discuss the artistic and cultural shift from Abstract Expressionism to Pop art with reference to particular artists and artworks. For example you might want to compare the work of an Abstract Expressionist with that of a Pop Artist. Since World War Two, few movements have affected the course of art history as profoundly as the
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Stella Paul Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Among others, artists such as Jackson Pollock —Willem de Kooning —Franz Kline —Lee Krasner —Robert Motherwell —William Baziotes —Mark Rothko —Barnett Newman —Adolph Gottlieb —Richard Pousette-Dart —and Clyfford Still — advanced audacious formal inventions in a search for significant content, abstract expressionism essay. Breaking away from accepted conventions in both technique and subject matter, the artists made monumentally scaled works that stood as reflections of their individual psyches—and in doing so, attempted to tap into universal inner sources.
These artists valued spontaneity and improvisation, and they accorded the highest importance to process. Their work resists stylistic categorization, but it can be clustered around two basic inclinations: an emphasis on dynamic, energetic gesture, in contrast to a reflective, cerebral focus on more open fields of color. In either case, the imagery was primarily abstract. Even when depicting images based on visual realities, the Abstract Expressionists favored a highly abstracted mode. Context Abstract Expressionism developed in the context of diverse, overlapping sources and inspirations. Many of the young artists had made their start in the s. The Great Depression also spurred the development of government relief programs, including the Works Progress Administration WPAa jobs program for unemployed Americans in which many of the group participated, and which allowed so many artists to establish a career path.
But it was the exposure to and assimilation of European modernism that set the stage for the most advanced American art. There were several venues in New York for seeing abstract expressionism essay art from Europe. The Museum of Modern Art had opened inand there artists saw a rapidly growing collection acquired by director Alfred H. Barr, Jr. They were also exposed to groundbreaking temporary exhibitions of new work, including Cubism and Abstract ArtFantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism —37and retrospectives of MatisseLégerabstract expressionism essay, and Picassoamong others.
There the Abstract Expressionists saw the work of Mondrian, Gabo, El Lissitzky, and others. The abstract expressionism essay of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum—the Museum of Non-Objective Painting—opened in Even prior to that date, its collection of Kandinskys had been publicly exhibited several times. The lessons of European modernism were also disseminated through teaching. The German expatriate Hans Hofmann — became the most influential teacher of modern art in the United States, and his impact reached both artists and critics. The crisis of war and its aftermath are key to understanding the concerns of the Abstract Expressionists.
Direct contact with European artists increased as a result of World War II, which caused so many—including Dalí, Ernst, Masson, Breton, Mondrian, and Léger—to seek refuge in the U, abstract expressionism essay. The Surrealists opened up new possibilities with their emphasis on tapping the unconscious. One Surrealist device for breaking free of the conscious mind was psychic automatism—in which automatic gesture and improvisation gain free rein. Early Work Early on, the Abstract Expressionists, in seeking a timeless and powerful subject matter, turned to primitive myth and archaic art for inspiration.
Rothko, Pollock, Motherwell, Gottlieb, Newman, and Baziotes all looked to ancient or primitive cultures for expression. Their early works feature pictographic and biomorphic elements transformed into personal code. Jungian psychology was compelling, too, in abstract expressionism essay assertion of the collective unconscious. Directness of expression was paramount, best achieved through lack of premeditation. There is no such thing as a good painting about nothing. We assert that the subject is critical, abstract expressionism essay. Mature Abstract Expressionism: Gesture InPollock developed a radical new technique, pouring and dripping thinned paint abstract expressionism essay raw canvas laid on the ground instead of traditional methods of painting in which pigment is applied by brush to primed, stretched canvas positioned on an easel.
The paintings were entirely nonobjective. In their subject matter or seeming lack of onescale hugeand technique no brush, no stretcher bars, no easelabstract expressionism essay, the works were shocking to many viewers. De Kooning, too, was developing his own version of abstract expressionism essay highly charged, gestural style, alternating between abstract work and powerful iconic figurative images. Other colleagues, including Krasner and Kline, were equally engaged in creating an art of dynamic gesture in which abstract expressionism essay inch of a picture is fully charged.
For Abstract Expressionists, the authenticity or value of a work lay in its directness and immediacy of expression. What was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. Mature Abstract Expressionism: Color Field Another path lay in the expressive potential of color. Rothko, Newman, and Still, for instance, created art based on simplified, large-format, color-dominated fields. The impulse was, in general, reflective and cerebral, with pictorial means simplified in order to create a kind of elemental impact. As with Pollock and the others, abstract expressionism essay, scale contributed to the meaning. For the time, the works were vast in scale. And they were meant to be seen in relatively close environments, so that the viewer was virtually enveloped by the experience of confronting the work.
The Aftermath The first generation of Abstract Expressionism flourished between and the mids. The paintings were seen widely in traveling exhibitions and through publications. In the wake of Abstract Expressionism, new generations of artists—both American and European—were profoundly marked by the breakthroughs made by the first generation, and went on to create their own important expressions based on, but not imitative of, those who forged the way. Paul, Abstract expressionism essay. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, —. htm October Messinger, Lisa Mintz Abstract Expressionism: Works on Paper.
Selections from The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, See on MetPublications. Thaw, Eugene Victor "The Abstract Expressionist. Tinterow, Gary, Lisa Mintz Messinger, and Nan Rosenthal, eds. Abstract Expressionism and Abstract expressionism essay Modern Abstract expressionism essay The Muriel Kallis Steinberg Newman Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, abstract expressionism essay. Visiting The Met? Face coverings are required for all visitors age 2 and older, even if you are vaccinated. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays Abstract Expressionism. Number 28, Jackson Pollock. The Glazier Willem de Kooning. The Flesh Eaters William Baziotes. Black Reflections Franz Kline.
Symphony No. DS David Smith. Elegy to the Spanish Republic No. Black Untitled Willem de Kooning. Untitled Jackson Pollock. Becca David Smith. Concord Barnett Newman. Autumn Rhythm Number 30 Jackson Pollock. Woman Willem de Kooning. Night Creatures Lee Krasner. Stella Paul Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art October Citation Paul, Stella. htm October Further Reading Messinger, Lisa Mintz Abstract Expressionism: Works on Paper. See on MetPublications Thaw, Eugene Victor "The Abstract Expressionist. See on MetPublications Tinterow, Gary, Lisa Mintz Messinger, and Nan Rosenthal, eds.
See on MetPublications Additional Essays by Stella Paul Paul, Stella.
Introducing Abstract Expressionism
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Sep 26, · Abstract expressionism is an American art movement that emerged after World War II. With the increasing acceptance by critics and the general public, the term, abstract expressionism, has met with increasing opposition from the artists involved. They object to the association of the word “abstract” with the art of pure formal relationships Abstract Expressionism Essay. Abstract Expressionism or “AbEx” in short form is a term that refers to a movement of largely non representative form of painting. Abstract expressionism came into the art scene in the post-World War II era. Its characteristics were extremely energetic applications of paint and messiness Abstract Expressionism Movement. While it was generally conceded that Abstract Expressionism was spent, superseded by the rise of minimalism and Pop art in the early s, Gustan's work after signaled the end of the Idealism that had driven the movement. Some artists such as Newman, cited in (the book); had continued to question whether
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